In Madagascar, the National Action Plan (PAN) to combat desertification was adopted by Decree No. 199-2003 of March 11, 2003 and which set two clear directions on the development of knowledge, the promotion of awareness and the attitude of stakeholders and (ii) improving productivity and restoring affected areas. The alignment of the National Action Plan (aligned PAN) was adopted by the Government by Decree No. 2015-747 of 04/28/15 and made it possible to strengthen the country's commitments and determine the situation of the affected areas by desertification and land degradation and to see their dynamics over time. These efforts are currently being reinforced by the definition of voluntary targets for Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) which is “a state where the quantity and quality of land necessary to support ecosystem functions and services and improve security food remain stable or increase within defined ecosystems and spatial and temporal scales” This process was carried out with the support of an intersectoral working group which brings together state actors, the private sector, civil society and research institutions working on sustainable land management. The process of defining Land Degradation Neutrality targets thus made it possible to strengthen initiatives already underway within the country so that they ultimately respond to the country's clear needs in terms of food and water security. , mitigating the effects of climate change and adaptation, promoting responsible consumption and combating conflicts over access to resources, more particularly the use of land. The historical analysis of the three indicators chosen, namely the change in land use, soil carbon and the dynamics of land productivity between the years 2000 and 2010, made it possible to observe a continuous degradation linked to deforestation in favor of agricultural areas and grazing areas, a loss of soil organic carbon and land productivity on stable land use classes. Madagascar's voluntary LDN targets Global target Madagascar commits to achieving land degradation neutrality by 2030. Specific targets - Improve productivity and carbon stocks in cultivated and grazing areas - Improve the coverage of green infrastructure - Reduce the conversion of forests to other types of plant cover by 2030 - Reduce the conversion of wetlands to other types of plant cover by 2030. The key political orientations identified during the process are based on intersectoral coordination within a clear territorial planning framework and which is essential to ensure sustainable land management at all levels; reinforced technical measures which must combine measures to avoid land degradation, minimize ongoing degradation processes through best practices and develop restoration of degraded landscapes. They will thus be based on improving productivity and carbon stocks in cultivated areas and grazing areas, increasing the coverage of green infrastructure, reducing the conversion of forests and wetlands to other types of plant cover; the mobilization of financial incentives which must involve greater state commitment and better inclusion of the private sector for scaling up activities to restore degraded lands, through the development of intersectoral innovation capacities and through initiatives of research on sustainable land management in relation to biodiversity and climate change.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a legally binding international treaty that has three main objectives: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of biological diversity and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of biological diversity. genetic resources. Its overall aim is to encourage measures that will lead to a sustainable future. The conservation of biological diversity is a common concern of humanity. The Convention on Biological Diversity targets all levels of biological diversity: ecosystems, species and genetic resources. It also applies to biotechnologies, particularly within the framework of the Cartagena Protocol on the prevention of biotechnological risks. In fact, it covers all possible areas that are directly or indirectly linked to biological diversity and its role in development, ranging from science, politics and education to agriculture, business, culture and much more. The governing body of the Convention on Biological Diversity is the Conference of the Parties (COP). This higher body is made up of all governments that have ratified the treaty (the Parties) and meets every two years to review progress, establish priorities and decide on work plans. The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity is based in Montreal, Canada. Its main function is to assist governments in implementing the Convention and its work programmes, to organize meetings, draft documents and coordinate with other international organizations, as well as to collect and disseminate informations. The Executive Secretary is the head of the secretariat. The Convention was opened for signature on June 5, 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, often referred to as the Rio "Earth Summit." To date, it has 196 Parties.

Madagascar is aligning itself with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set at the level of the United Nations System. The main objective is to reduce poverty by half in 2015. Achieving such an objective requires the development of certain sectors of activity which are increasingly concerned by climate change. In view of the risk incurred due to climate change, it is necessary to define a national policy to combat climate change with a view to achieving sustainable development. The national policy to combat climate change (PNLCC) is part of the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to which Madagascar acceded respectively in 1998 and 2003. and takes into account the various existing policies. The aim is to effectively manage climate change so that the adverse effects it has on different sectors and in various areas are minimized. Moreover, this policy is part of the National Environmental Policy.This document aims to strengthen the fight against climate change in the country, and in this sense, serves as a reference for actions to be undertaken. It also gives the main directions of the fight against climate change focused on implementation strategies. It thus makes it possible to encourage investors and technical and financial partners in the field of climate change.